- Stoic practices
- Intellectual exercises, as enumerated by Philo: reading, listening, research and investigation
- The study of physics is a particularly important spiritual exercise: “we should not think that any other end is served by knowledge of celestial phenomena … than freedom from disturbance and firm confidence, just as in the other field of study”.
- Epicureanism preaches the deliberate, continually renewed choice of relaxation and serenity, combined with a profound gratitude71 toward nature and life, which constantly offer us joy and pleasure, if only we know how to find them. Unlike Stoics who suggest picturing the worst outcomes so as not to be afraid of them.
- Horace’s famous saying: “Carpe diem”